I've been experimenting with barefoot about 18 months to two years so .. back then, while I was fell running, probably the majority of my miles were non hill miles. Nowadays, most of my miles are hill miles (7,000 ft+ a week currently) and my calves haven't hurt for a long time. So either the barefoot has helped my hills or (as you say) the hills have helped my barefoot or probably its both ways.