Steph FYI, quite apart from the clear lack of viable test sets or proper testing of the antibody tests which were rushed through: so are not properly validated and all numbers are suspect)
the premise of these Tcell studies is that antibodies are NOT necessarily formed at all, but the Tcells remain as specific resistance with long term memory by identifying and reacting to covid specific peotides: even in population not exposed to covid itself. If that is true ( and the jury is still out) then antibody testing can never give estimates of herd immunity.
The possibility is past epidemics have left non specific resistance, and since many of these bugs start in bat/ bird populations in China, it can be supposed that resistance spreads to areas that interact with them.
That could be why China, South Korea and Hong Kong numbers are low compare to more distant populations like us.
There is a lot still unknown. That populations have reacted so differently, implies one countries policies are not the only indeed may not be the major contributor.
Ps - my thoughts are gleaned from OH, who ran a biotech lab as tech director, so knows a thing or two!







